| Solar panel | Solar panel serve as devices that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. These are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, usually used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity production. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a varied terrain of rolling hills, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that combine heritage with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental illumination emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it provides fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy resulting from the movement of ions, primarily electrons. It drives countless devices and networks, facilitating contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | DC is the one-way movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electric power to operate various electronic devices. It includes several electrochemical cells, each housing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An photovoltaic system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an green power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into AC suitable for home use and utility connection. It plays a crucial role in optimizing energy use and providing safe, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity periodically, typically used in domestic and commercial power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A survey tool is a tool used to measure the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, thermometers, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are massive installations that utilize sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a renewable and eco-friendly energy resource, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Rooftop solar power involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-tied solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This energy is then beamed to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to deliver backup power, lower energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells documents the progress and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the initial discovery of the solar effect to modern high-performance solar panels. It showcases key innovations, including the development of the first silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly improved power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French scientist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the groundwork for comprehending how radiation interacts with particular media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who created the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work established the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-powered power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a famous R&D organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its essential role in the fabrication of electronic components and solar modules. It is a solid, brittle crystalline material with a blue-grey shine, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system effectiveness, enables better system tracking, and improves energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a unit that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to supply a sustainable and eco-friendly energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon serves as a elementary particle which represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It has a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the process by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This phenomenon is the fundamental principle behind solar panel systems, enabling the utilization of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in building planning to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy is the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a standard of energy conversion in the International System of Units, indicating the measure of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which causes the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the work per individual charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the base unit of electrical potential, electric potential difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electric charge through a conductor, usually measured in A. It is crucial for supplying electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp represents the standard of electric flow in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a wire over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It influences the configuration and capacity of power systems to guarantee secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is commonly used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A power converter is a device that transforms DC from sources like accumulators or solar arrays into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the use of standard electrical devices in locations where only direct current electricity is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels to follow the sun’s path throughout the day, optimizing solar energy capture. This innovation improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that tracks and analyzes the effectiveness of photovoltaic panel systems in live, providing useful data on energy production and system health. It assists optimize solar energy generation by identifying faults ahead of time and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are thin, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, devices, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many minute silicon crystals, typically used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline type appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it very effective for use in solar cells and electronics. Its homogeneous formation allows for better electron flow, resulting in higher efficiency compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of film solar technology that offers a economical and efficient solution for large-scale solar energy generation. They are recognized for their high absorption performance and comparatively low manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that utilize a layered compound of copper, indium, Ga, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their great light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and capability for lightweight, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous molecular structure, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than structured silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ various p-n junctions layered together to absorb a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are primarily used in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that convert sunlight into electric power to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a economical approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of CuInGaSe2 as the photovoltaic material, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are crucial in electronic devices, optics, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a eco-friendly and affordable energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of substance ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Calipers are accurate measuring instruments used to accurately measure small distances or thicknesses, commonly in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, disk-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the base for constructing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and flexibility, perfect for diverse applications. They utilize a layered layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight directly into power with excellent performance in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, supplying a green energy source for household, business, and grid applications. They provide a eco-friendly, renewable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that utilize carbon-based molecules, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are lightweight, bendable, and enable cost-effective, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising electronic material used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, making detailed visibility obscured but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a transparent film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations information various large-scale solar energy installations around the planet, showcasing their power and sites. These stations function a important role in renewable energy production and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive systems that transform sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as pollution, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental harm and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the chief energy sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electricity. This process generally happens in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as plumbum, Hg, Cd, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance indicates how effectively a solar panel generates sunlight into usable electricity. Boosting this efficiency is essential for optimizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is transforming the international energy scene by raising the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover vast areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent device that bends light to focus or spread out rays, forming images. It is often used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It improves the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This event usually happens when the waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies following a sine wave throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A individual inverter is a tiny entity used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines setup and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric flow cyclically reverse polarity, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in residences and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver DC energy from a power source to an device. It typically consists of a round plug and receptacle that provide a secure and trustworthy link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global protection certification body that tests and endorses products to confirm they adhere to particular safety norms. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and safe products through thorough assessment and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this configuration, the constant current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode is a solid-state device that allows current to move in a single sense only, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12-volt, created to deliver electrical energy for multiple devices and attachments within a automobile. It permits users to charge electronic gadgets or run small electronics during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral peripherals to PCs, enabling data transmission and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, pointer devices, external drives, and smartphones, with various generations offering increased speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to high-energy photons, each with different lengths and energies. This spectrum is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, allowing data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It has a key role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on variations of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of power or power received or emitted over a particular surface, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the spread and transfer of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a substantial body of atmosphere with fairly even temperature and dampness characteristics, originating from particular origin regions. These air masses affect climate trends and atmospheric situations as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the power per square meter received from the solar source in the manner of light. It varies with solar activity and atmospheric factors on Earth, affecting weather patterns and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of debris, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and care are necessary to reduce energy loss and ensure best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, going around the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the maximum power generation of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak potential to generate electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element necessary for plant growth and employed in different industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that make it beneficial in creating robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while at the same time producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected rays from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of several solar modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to produce environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that delivers shade and shelter from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It improves the functionality and visual charm of a courtyard, making it a pleasant zone for leisure and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, surveying, and celestial observation to indicate the bearing of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost efficiency. It exhibits outstanding optical features, making it a popular option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy integration and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 W, used to measure massive energy production and usage. It is commonly associated with power plants, electricity networks, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) power solutions, focused on manufacturing thin-film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and affordable power output. The firm is focused on green energy development and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in smoothly linking various components of manufacturing and automation systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It aims on building cutting-edge solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among diverse technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese-based company focused on the manufacturing and development of solar-powered photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for its advanced technology and eco-friendly energy programs within the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the ability of massive electricity production or consumption. It highlights the huge energy scale involved in contemporary power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the cost per unit of production decreases as overall production rises, due to learning curve and optimization gained over time. This concept highlights the importance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a clean, green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of creating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the expense of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are cost-effectively comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is supplied through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the optimum and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It represents a green, renewable, and environmentally friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and industrial settings to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing green energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy goods features a range of devices that capture sunlight to convert energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, offering flexible options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses plus mirrors focusing solar radiation on highly efficient photovoltaic cells, considerably boosting power output using a smaller area. This method is particularly effective where intense, direct sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
