Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as devices that transform sunlight to electricity using solar cells. They are an green and sustainable energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a apparatus that collects sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, space warming, or power generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its abundant cultural heritage, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse landscape of rolling hills, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that blend tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental light emitted by the star, crucial for life on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and systems, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction stream of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to run various electronic gadgets. It comprises multiple electrochemical units, each containing positive and negative electrodes divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly power option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that changes DC created by solar panels into AC appropriate for home use and grid connection. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring secure, reliable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction regularly, typically used in domestic and business power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, climate gauges, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are large-scale installations that utilize sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a renewable and renewable energy power, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-integrated solar energy setup changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar arrays that gather solar radiation and convert it into electricity. This energy is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess power generated from renewable sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of photovoltaic cells tracks the development and innovations in solar power tech from the initial invention of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It highlights significant breakthroughs, including the development of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have greatly boosted power conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His experiments laid the basis for comprehending how light interacts with certain materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work established the basis for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar modules. It is a hard, brittle crystalline material with a bluish-gray metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach improves system performance, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and improves energy yield in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a green and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a fundamental particle that represents a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It has a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which particular compounds transform sunlight directly into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This phenomenon is the core foundation behind solar cell technology, facilitating the harnessing of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through processes like doping, etching, and layering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the constant forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are important considerations in engineering design to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the rate at which electrical energy flows by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and renewable energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, indicating the measure of energy transfer or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which drives the flow of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and represents the energy per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the flow of electric charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and size of power systems to guarantee secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) from inputs like accumulators or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the use of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels to track the solar trajectory throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the performance of solar power gathering by keeping ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to optimize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to correspond to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This procedure provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a tool that monitors and evaluates the efficiency of solar power systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system health. It helps enhance solar energy output by identifying faults promptly and guaranteeing highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to power homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon crystals, commonly used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to generate a pure, polycrystalline form fit for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a ultra-pure variant of silicon with a uniform lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronics. Its consistent framework allows for better electron flow, resulting in higher functionality compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics constitute a category of thin film solar system that offers a affordable and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy production. They are their excellent absorption efficiency and relatively reduced manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are laminate solar cells that employ a composite compound of Cu, In, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are noted for their great absorption performance, bendability, and capability for lightweight, affordable solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is frequently used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its economic advantage and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that utilize multiple p-n junctions arranged in tandem to absorb a broader spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly enhancing their efficiency. These are primarily used in space satellites and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that convert sunlight into electric power to operate onboard equipment. They are typically lightweight, robust, and designed to operate efficiently in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency switching devices compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its great electron mobility and effectiveness in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics employ optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for massive solar power plants in zones with clear sunlight, providing a economical solution for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a very thin layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in various technological applications. These layers are essential in electronic devices, optics, and coverings for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of material ranging from fractions of a nanometer to a few microns in thickness, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in various industries, including electronics, optics, and medical applications, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to precisely measure tiny gaps or depths, commonly in machining and manufacturing. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, round piece of silicon crystal used as the platform for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the foundational material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar units famous for their excellent performance and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They employ a stratified layered semiconductor setup that turns sunlight immediately into power with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using PV cells, providing a green energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that transforms sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and versatile alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that employ organic materials, to turn sun's energy into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and provide lower-cost, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential photovoltaic compound used in thin-film solar panels due to its abundant and safe elements. Its favorable optoelectronic properties make it an attractive substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, facades, and glazing. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy performance while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, making detailed visibility obscured but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a thin film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and adds a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of photovoltaic power stations information various large-scale solar energy installations around the planet, showcasing their capacities and sites. These plants function a crucial role in renewable energy generation and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are extensive installations that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, global warming, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and water. It offers a renewable alternative to fossil fuels, minimizing environmental impact and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as lignite, crude oil, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are consumed when used. They are the chief fuels for power production and mobility but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process typically occurs in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, mercury, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how efficiently a solar panel generates sunlight into usable energy. Improving this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy production and decreasing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is discrete. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This growth is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants designed to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover vast areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through component that bends light to converge or diverge rays, producing images. It is frequently used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and illumination of screens by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that their wave heights cancel each other out, resulting in a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. Its voltage varies in a sinusoidal pattern over time, enabling cost-effective transfer over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a small entity used to transform DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system performance by enhancing energy production at the panel level and simplifies setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the voltage and current cyclically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in households and commercial sectors to operate multiple appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver DC power from a energy source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a round plug and socket that provide a secure and trustworthy connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide safety certification body that evaluates and endorses products to ensure they comply with certain security requirements. It helps consumers and firms recognize dependable and protected products through strict evaluation and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the same current passes through all components, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate independently, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a electronic device that allows current to flow in one sense exclusively, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, designed to supply electrical power for multiple devices and attachments within a automobile. It permits users to recharge electronic electronics or operate small appliances while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking devices to computers, enabling information exchange and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mice, external storage, and cell phones, with various generations delivering increased speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It is committed to advancing innovations in solar power, wind, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic radiation, spanning from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied wavelengths and energies. This spectrum is fundamental to numerous technological applications and the natural world, enabling signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on alterations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the magnitude of power or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, commonly in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the dispersion and movement of radiation across regions, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a substantial volume of air's with fairly consistent thermal and humidity characteristics, originating from particular origin zones. These air masses impact weather systems and sky situations as they pass through various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the manner of light. It changes with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and impurities on the exterior of solar panels, which decreases their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are important to reduce energy waste and ensure best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage available from a power source when no current is flowing, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It creates a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the highest power generation of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to determine the voltage between separate points in a circuit. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in PV modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a metalloid chemical element essential for plant development and applied in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has unique chemical traits that cause it useful in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using vast groups of photovoltaic modules to generate renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of using land for both solar energy output and farming, maximizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are typically mounted in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides cover while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of multiple solar modules configured to create electricity from sunlight. It is often used in sustainable power systems to generate clean, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a construction that provides shade and shelter from the weather for al fresco areas. It boosts the usability and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a cozy zone for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line linking an observer to a point of interest. It is often used in routing, land measurement, and astronomy to define the bearing of an target relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a preferred choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of electricity equal to a billion W, used to measure massive electricity production and usage. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and large-scale power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a global leader in solar energy solutions, specializing in producing thin film-based solar panels that deliver high efficiency and affordable energy production. The organization is committed to sustainable energy development and reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through innovative solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in smoothly integrating various components of industrial and automation systems to enhance productivity and dependability. It concentrates on creating advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a prominent Chinese-based firm expert in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, often employed to represent the potential of massively scaled electricity generation or consumption. It emphasizes the immense energy extent involved in modern power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the unit cost drops as cumulative output increases, due to learning and improvements achieved over time. This effect highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems transform sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This technology is a clean, sustainable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of generating solar or wind energy is the same as or lower than the expense of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity means that renewable energy technologies are financially viable with conventional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the standard electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a system of power lines, offering a dependable source of energy for various appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the region, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is essential for ensuring the optimum and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is captured from the sun's rays using PV panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, business, and factory sites to produce renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered goods features a range of tools that utilize sunlight to produce energy, promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These products include covering solar energy units and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, offering flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a plant that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV employ optical lenses plus reflectors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, considerably enhancing energy capture using a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable in areas with bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |