Solar panel | Solar array are components that transform sunlight into using solar cells. These are an eco-friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that captures sunlight to convert heat, usually used for hot water production or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a scenic seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a varied landscape of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural radiance emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a type of energy due to the flow of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It fuels innumerable appliances and systems, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, important for in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the unidirectional flow of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to power various digital equipment. It comprises several galvanic units, each containing anode and cathode interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a unit that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing reliable, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity cyclically, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It allows for effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It ensures optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to ascertain the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement across the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar power plants are large-scale facilities that utilize sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a green and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then beamed to the planet's surface for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems retain excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the grid for subsequent consumption, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These solutions typically utilize batteries to provide backup energy, lower energy expenses, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar panels documents the progress and improvements in solar power tech from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance solar arrays. It showcases significant innovations, including the invention of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have substantially enhanced energy conversion and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French scientist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His experiments laid the groundwork for understanding how illumination interacts with certain substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US innovator who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with finding the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the birthplace of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, famous for its key role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar panels. It is a solid, breakable solid solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach improves system effectiveness, allows for enhanced system tracking, and boosts energy production in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar panel is a unit that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to provide a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the mechanism by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic concept behind solar cell technology, allowing the capturing of solar solar power for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It serves as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are transient forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy represents the velocity at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, mainly utilized for powering devices and appliances. It is generated through various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable sources, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a unit of power in the International System of Units, indicating the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic voltage difference between two points, which drives the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and shows the power per individual charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and EMF in the metric system. It measures the voltage per coulomb between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the movement of electrical charge through a conductor wire, typically measured in A. It is necessary for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the standard of electric current in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and power of power systems to maintain reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction box is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a secure and trustworthy manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a instrument that converts DC from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It enables the operation of standard electrical devices in environments where only DC energy is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the position of solar modules to follow the sun’s path throughout the daytime, optimizing power intake. This innovation improves the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to maximize the power generation of solar energy systems by regularly modifying the operating point to match the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This process provides the best performance energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the performance of solar panel systems in live, providing useful data on power output and system status. It helps optimize solar power generation by detecting issues promptly and ensuring maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to power homes, electronic gadgets, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of many tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in solar panels and microchip production. Its manufacturing process involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to form a pure, polycrystalline type appropriate for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a uniform crystal arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent formation allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a kind of film solar technology that presents a cost-effective and effective option for massive solar energy harvesting. They are their high absorption efficiency and relatively low manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible solar cells that use a multi-layered compound of Cu, indium, Ga, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy efficiently. They are noted for their excellent absorption effectiveness, bendability, and potential for compact, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-junction stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that use various p-n connections arranged in tandem to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are mainly used in space missions and high-performance solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels are essential devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This technology is perfect for massive solar power plants in zones with clear sunlight, offering a cost-effective approach for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and pliant form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of copper indium gallium selenide as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological applications. These films are essential in electronic systems, optics, and coatings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of substance ranging from tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in depth, often placed on surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in various industries, including electronic devices, optics, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are precision gauges used to accurately measure small distances or depths, commonly in machining and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a slender, disk-shaped piece of silicon crystal used as the foundation for producing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the manufacture of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film photovoltaic devices recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for various uses. They use a layered semiconductor architecture that turns sunlight directly into electrical energy with excellent performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sun rays directly into power using photovoltaic cells, providing a renewable energy source for home, commercial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a eco-friendly, sustainable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to take in light and generate electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the potential for lower-cost, bendable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that employ carbon-based molecules, to turn solar radiation into electrical power. They are compact, pliable, and enable cost-effective, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic material used in layer solar panels due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable alternative for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of building materials, such as roof surfaces, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to spread through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window tinting involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations details various large-scale solar energy plants around the planet, demonstrating their power and locations. These stations serve a vital role in green energy generation and worldwide efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive installations that transform sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in clean energy production, lessening dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climatic shifts, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable solution to non-renewable energy sources, decreasing ecological footprint and promoting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and methane, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are depleted when used. They are the primary fuels for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in power plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as plumbum, mercury, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a solar cell converts sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar energy systems has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and cost reductions. This growth is revolutionizing the international energy scene by increasing the portion of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize solar panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a transparent device that refracts light to bring together or diverge rays, producing images. It is frequently used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitude levels counteract each other, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the resultant waveform. This event generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | AC refers to a type of electrical flow that changes polarity, mainly utilized in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes following a sine wave throughout its cycle, enabling efficient transmission over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature device used to convert direct current (DC) from a single solar module into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It boosts system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a network where the voltage and current periodically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over extended ranges. It is generally used in homes and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a type of electrical plug used to supply DC power from a power source to an electronic device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and jack that guarantee a firm and dependable attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global protection certification agency that evaluates and certifies products to guarantee they adhere to certain safety standards. It assists consumers and businesses recognize reliable and safe products through rigorous assessment and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic networks in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the same electric current passes through all components, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows devices to operate independently, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single way only, functioning as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical power for various devices and add-ons within a vehicle. It allows users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics while on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting devices to computers, allowing data transmission and power supply. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, mouses, external drives, and cell phones, with different revisions providing higher speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy federal research facility dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on breakthroughs in solar, wind power, biomass energy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, featuring different lengths and power. This band is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | UV light is a kind of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the sun. It serves a crucial role in such as vitamin D production but can also lead to skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color scheme based on shades of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and accord. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a important parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight reaching a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to measure the magnitude of power or energy flow received or emitted over a specific surface, often in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in understanding the distribution and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in various scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large body of air with relatively uniform thermal and moisture properties, coming from from particular source zones. These air masses affect weather patterns and air conditions as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of light. It varies with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dirt, and foreign matter on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and maintenance are necessary to limit energy loss and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, measured across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar panel under ideal sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak capacity to produce electricity in typical testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to determine the voltage between separate points in a electronic circuit. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a metalloid element crucial for plant development and employed in different industrial applications, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical traits that make it valuable in creating robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and farming, maximizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, boosting overall energy output. They are commonly positioned in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shade while generating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of several photovoltaic modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to deliver environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the usability and look of a terrace, making it a cozy zone for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of objects in the sky relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an surveyor to a target object. It is frequently used in routing, land measurement, and celestial observation to define the direction of an object relative to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to harsh weather conditions and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic material widely used in thin-film solar panels due to its excellent performance and affordability. It demonstrates superb optical properties, making it a common option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to one billion watt, used to quantify large-scale energy output and utilization. It is typically associated with generating stations, national grids, and major energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar energy solutions, expert in making thin film solar cells that deliver high efficiency and affordable power generation. The organization is dedicated to sustainable energy development and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automated systems to boost efficiency and trustworthiness. It aims on creating innovative solutions that facilitate seamless communication and interoperability among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese-based firm focused on the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar goods and services. Famous for cutting-edge technology and green energy projects in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to describe the potential of massively scaled power generation or consumption. It emphasizes the vast power scale involved in contemporary power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as cumulative output increases, due to learning curve and improvements obtained over time. This concept highlights the value of accumulated experience in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, green energy source that helps cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the expense of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity signifies that green energy technologies are financially comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the standard electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a grid of power lines, offering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Solar energy is harnessed from the sun's rays using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to produce heat. It represents a green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, commercial, and factory settings to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where standard power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of sun-powered goods features a range of tools that capture sunlight to produce energy, encouraging environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include covering solar power banks and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, delivering versatile solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a green energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to provide a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing power output using a smaller area. This method is highly suitable in areas with direct, strong sunlight and provides an innovative way to reducing expenses related to solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |