Solar panel | Solar panel act as devices that convert sunlight into electricity using PV cells. These are an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that collects sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or space heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or power generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a diverse scenery of rolling hills, old castles, and lively city hubs that blend heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural illumination emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of energy generated by the motion of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers numerous systems and networks, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, generally produced by batteries, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that accumulates chemical energy and converts it into electrical energy to run various digital equipment. It comprises multiple galvanic cells, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home use and grid integration. It is vital for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity periodically, typically used in residential and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to determine the size, amount, or intensity of something accurately. It includes gadgets like meters, thermometers, and barometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and sustainable energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This power is then sent wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess power generated from renewable energy or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems generally use batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy expenses, and aid grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells chronicles the progress and innovations in photovoltaic technology from the initial discovery of the photovoltaic effect to current advanced solar arrays. It showcases key milestones, including the development of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly improved energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist by profession renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the basis for understanding how light interacts with particular substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was an US creator who created the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the basis for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its key role in the manufacturing of electronics and solar panels. It is a tough, brittle solid substance with a blue-grey metallic luster, mainly utilized as a semiconductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a compact component installed on each solar panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method improves system efficiency, allows for better system tracking, and increases energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is often used in solar arrays to provide a green and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that offers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a basic particle which represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which particular compounds turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the basic principle behind solar cell technology, facilitating the capturing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a thin slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for creating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its structured, orderly crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification is the velocity at which electrical energy is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and sustainable sources, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a standard of power in the SI system, indicating the rate of energy movement or conversion. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and shows the power per individual charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A volt is the standard unit of electric potential, potential difference, and EMF in the SI system. It measures the electric energy per unit charge between points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electricity through a conductor wire, commonly measured in amperes. It is crucial for powering electronic gadgets and allowing the operation of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp is the standard of electric current in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It indicates the movement of electric charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the amount of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the configuration and capacity of power systems to maintain secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for charging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power inverter is a unit that converts direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of standard electrical devices in settings where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of solar panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, maximizing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power gathering by maintaining optimal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that observes and examines the performance of solar power systems in instantaneous, providing important data on energy generation and system status. It helps optimize solar energy output by spotting faults early and securing highest output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless minute silicon crystals, typically used in solar modules and chip fabrication. Its creation involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure suitable for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a single crystal framework, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronics. Its uniform framework allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in higher efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of thin film solar method that offers a affordable and high-performance option for massive solar energy generation. They are known as their excellent absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are flexible photovoltaic devices that utilize a multi-layered compound of copper, In, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are noted for their high light capturing efficiency, bendability, and capability for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered molecular structure, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than crystalline silicon. It is often used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic systems due to its affordability and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are advanced photovoltaic devices that employ multiple p-n junctions stacked in tandem to absorb a wider spectrum of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are primarily used in space missions and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its excellent electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize optics or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This approach is perfect for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and mobile energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, cost-effective alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are crucial in electronic systems, optical systems, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material spanning fractions of a nanometer to multiple micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional applications. These films are used in various industries, including electronics industry, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to describe very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are accurate devices used to exactly measure small distances or depths, commonly in mechanical engineering and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, ring-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the primary material in the creation of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible photovoltaic devices recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, perfect for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor structure that turns sunlight straight into electrical energy with remarkable performance in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a form of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, providing a green energy source for home, industrial, and grid applications. They provide a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-activated solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that turns sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that use carbon-based compounds, to turn sunlight into electrical power. They are compact, flexible, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic material used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an desirable alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It improves privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of solar power stations overview various large-scale solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their capacities and sites. These facilities function a vital role in renewable energy generation and international efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote sustainable practices and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable option to traditional fuels, decreasing environmental harm and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are limited reserves formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the chief fuels for electricity generation and vehicle operation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how well a solar cell converts sunlight into usable energy. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This phenomenon provided critical proof for the development of quantum theory by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological progress and cost reductions. This development is changing the international energy scene by boosting the share of renewable solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a transparent component that bends light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is commonly used in equipment like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It enhances the sharpness and luminosity of lenses by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a couple of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights cancel each other out, causing a reduction or complete elimination of the combined wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are phase-shifted by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. The electrical potential changes following a sine wave as time progresses, permitting cost-effective transfer over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A compact inverter is a tiny device used to transform direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It improves system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and eases setup and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a network where the voltage level and electric current regularly reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical connector used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic device. It typically consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that guarantee a reliable and consistent connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide protection validation body that tests and approves products to guarantee they adhere to specific security norms. It assists consumers and firms recognize dependable and safe products through rigorous review and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a electronic device that permits current to pass in a single sense exclusively, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, intended to supply electrical energy for different devices and add-ons inside a automobile. It permits users to charge electronic electronics or use small electronics during on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to computing systems, facilitating data transfer and electric power. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keypads, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with different generations offering faster speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into generated energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in optimizing energy generation and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance breakthroughs in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of electromagnetic waves, extending from radio waves to gamma radiation, each with varied lengths and energies. This band is crucial to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling communication, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in including vitamin D production but can also cause skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color palette based on shades of a single hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This composition approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Radiance refers to the intensity of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the strength of energy or power received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in understanding the spread and conveyance of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the extent of different hues or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of air with relatively even thermal and dampness characteristics, deriving from from particular origin regions. These airmass impact weather systems and air situations as they travel over various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the assessment of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It fluctuates with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, influencing global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the exterior of solar panels, which reduces their performance. Consistent upkeep and care are important to reduce energy decrease and maintain best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that travels through a circuit when a low-resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the peak power generation of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It indicates the module's peak capacity to produce electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an measuring tool used to check the potential difference between separate points in a circuit. It is commonly used in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to degradation over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic chemical element crucial for plant growth and used in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It has distinctive chemical properties that make it valuable in creating durable, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a solid and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant collects sunlight using large collections of photovoltaic panels to create renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated practice of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This approach boosts crop production while simultaneously producing renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are photovoltaic devices capable of capturing sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are typically mounted in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shade while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is frequently installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of several photovoltaic modules arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to deliver environmentally friendly, renewable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a comfortable zone for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and astrophysics to define the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential muscle strains pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin-film solar panels due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a common option for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy adoption and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a measure of power equal to a billion W, used to assess massive electricity generation and consumption. It is generally associated with electricity stations, electricity networks, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in solar power solutions, specializing in making thin-film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and low-cost energy production. The company is committed to sustainable energy development and decreasing the global dependence on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly integrating various parts of industrial and automated systems to improve performance and reliability. It concentrates on building advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and compatibility among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top China's firm focused on manufacturing and innovating photovoltaic solar products and solutions. Renowned for its advanced technology and green energy projects in the renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of power equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to represent the capacity of massive electricity production or usage. It emphasizes the immense power magnitude involved in modern energy framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as total output grows, due to learning curve and optimization achieved over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and enhancing efficiency in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids lessen reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or less than the cost of buying power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity means that green energy technologies are economically competitive with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a grid of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for ensuring the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, renewable, and eco-conscious source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in home, business, and manufacturing environments to produce renewable, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering renewable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar energy items features a selection of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and sustainable living. These products include covering solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, offering flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a installation that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses or reflectors focusing sunlight on high-performance photovoltaic cells, significantly boosting energy capture from a compact footprint. This method is highly suitable where intense, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |